EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PERFORMANCE, EMISSIONS AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF PFI SPARK IGNITION ENGINE FUELED WITH E30 EQUIVALENT BINARY AND TERNARY GEM BLENDS

This work presents the concept of ternary blends of gasoline, ethanol and methanol (GEM) in which stoichiometric air to fuel ratio is controlled to 13.2, same as that of conventional binary E30 (Gasoline 70% + Ethanol 30% (v/v)) fuel blend.The formulated E30 equivalent ternary blends have approximately the same energy density, lower heating value a

SUMMARY The slash and burn method was studied with respect to changes on the chemical composition in the top-soil layer (upper 20 cm) of yellow latosols (about 85% of the total area) and hydromorphic soils (about Electronics 1% of the total area) before and after fire was set on the cleared forest.The obtained analytical data prove the following re

Surabaya is one of metropolitan city in Surabaya, yet still has a high poverty rates.This research LED G8.5 aims to design an integrated program in reducing poverty in Surabaya.The high poverty rates lead to several complex problems such as unemployment, education, health, crime and social problem.Actually, a lot of poverty alleviation programs hav